En este trabajo se presenta la reciente evolución del empleo temporal y permanente en las regiones españolas durante el periodo 1995-2001. Primero, se muestran las importantes diferencias existentes en la composición del empleo por tipo de contrato a nivel regional y la persistencia de tales diferencias a lo largo del periodo analizado. Para estudiar los determinantes de la baja tasa de empleo permanente en España se ha realizado un ejercicio econométrico con datos individuales de panel usando la Encuesta de Población Activa. Nuestro principal resultado es que las diferencias en Costes Laborales Unitarios y por tanto en la remuneración del trabajo frente a la productividad aparente del mismo, es la principal variable agregada capaz de explicar las diferencias de la tasa de empleo permanente entre las distintas comunidades autónomas.
We study the use of permanent and temporary contracts across Spanish regions during the period 1995-2001. First we show that there are significant differences among the regional rates of permanent employment and that these differences tend to persist over time. To understand the underlying factors behind these observed differences we estimate a binary choice model for the individual probability of having a permanent contract, taking advantage of the panel data dimension of the Spanish Labour Force Survey. Our main results are that unit labour cost differentials, and thus labour productivity and total labour cost differentials, partially explain the divergence of regional permanent employment rates. Moreover, compared to the influence of regional fixed effects and other possible explanations such as sector specialisation or the presence of small firms in the region, unit labour costs explain more than two thirds of the observed variance in the permanent employment rate across Spanish regions, once all the relevant heterogeneity is taken into account .
| L | M | X | J | V | S | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
||||||
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
20
|
21
|
22
|
|
23
|
24
|
25
|
26
|
27
|
28
|
29
|
|
30
|
||||||
